Breakthrough Nasal Spray Reverses Brain Aging in Mice—Could It Work for Humans?

A team of scientists at Texas A&M University has developed a nasal spray that significantly improves the working memory of older lab mice. The breakthrough, reported in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, suggests a potential non-invasive method to combat brain fog and neurological diseases like dementia in humans.

The spray contains specialized biological particles derived from stem cells. These particles, known as extracellular vesicles, contain microRNA—molecules that help regulate protein production and reduce inflammation in the brain. According to the researchers, this approach could redefine aging by promoting successful brain aging, keeping individuals alert, engaged, and cognitively sharp.

Dementia cases are projected to rise sharply, from an estimated 69.2 million worldwide in 2024 to 82 million by 2030. This underscores the urgency of developing effective treatments for age-related cognitive decline.

How the Nasal Spray Works

In aging brains, inflammation markers increase in the hippocampus, often alongside mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The Texas A&M team addressed this by administering extracellular vesicles derived from neural stem cells directly into the noses of 18-month-old mice—the equivalent of 60-year-old humans.

Compared to untreated mice, the treated rodents showed:

• Reduced markers of brain inflammation
• Improved memory and cognitive function
• Activation of the brain’s natural repair systems

“We are seeing the brain’s own repair systems switch on, healing inflammation and restoring itself,” said Ashok Shetty, neuroscience professor and lead researcher.

Potential for Human Applications

The team has filed a patent for the nasal spray and is optimistic about its potential for human use. While further research is needed, the findings suggest a promising, non-invasive alternative to current dementia treatments.

“Our approach redefines what it means to grow old. We’re aiming for successful brain aging: keeping people engaged, alert and connected. Not just living longer, but living smarter and healthier.”
— Ashok Shetty, lead researcher

Next Steps in Research

The study highlights the urgent need for innovative treatments as global dementia cases rise. While human trials are not yet underway, the nasal spray represents a significant step toward addressing age-related cognitive decline through targeted, non-invasive therapy.