Why Insect Populations Are Plummeting and How You Can Help Save Them

The Insect Apocalypse: A Global Crisis

Scientists warn of an “insect apocalypse” as mounting research reveals drastic declines in insect populations worldwide. One of the earliest alarming findings came from a 2017 study, which documented a 75% drop in total insect biomass in German agricultural landscapes over less than 30 years.

Subsequent research has painted an equally concerning picture:

• 20% of firefly species are now at risk of extinction.
• Insect numbers in a Colorado meadow plummeted by 72% over 20 years.
• Globally, an average of 37% of insect species are in decline.

While some may view this as positive news, the consequences could be catastrophic for natural ecosystems and human survival.

Why Insects Are Indispensable to Life on Earth

The Foundation of Ecosystems

Insects form the base of the food chain, pollinate wildflowers and crops, and play critical roles in nutrient cycling. As Keith Sockman, associate professor of biology at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and lead researcher of the Colorado study, explains:

“Insects are necessary for terrestrial and fresh-water ecosystems to function.”

The Value of Ecosystem Services

Insects contribute to $33 trillion worth of ecosystem services annually, including food production, flood control, and recreation. These services are essential to human well-being and depend on the intricate balance of natural systems.

Alex Wild, curator of entomology at the University of Texas Biodiversity Collections, emphasizes their irreplaceable role:

“Insects are helping everything else work as part of intricate, coevolved systems. You can’t just pull individual organisms from ecosystems and expect everything to keep going.”

Insects in the Food Chain and Beyond

Insects serve as a vital food source for birds, lizards, frogs, fish, small mammals, and even humans—with over 2,000 insect species consumed globally. Additionally, some insects produce compounds with medicinal properties. For example, the enzyme luciferase, derived from fireflies, is instrumental in pharmaceutical and biomedical research.

Major Threats to Insect Populations

Insects face numerous existential threats, including:

• Habitat loss due to urbanization and agriculture.
• Agricultural practices, particularly the widespread use of pesticides.
• Invasive species disrupting native ecosystems.
• Climate change, which is altering weather patterns and temperatures.

Sockman’s research in Colorado revealed a troubling trend: summer temperatures rose over the 20-year study period, and elevated temperatures in one year were linked to a reduced abundance of insects the following year. He noted:

“It’s notable that the declines seem to be occurring even where the habitat is natural and relatively unscathed. It’s not from a lack of plants or an abundance of pesticides. This is a pristine, remote site up in the mountains. It doesn’t leave a lot of explanations for the decline other than something tied to the climate.”

How You Can Help Protect Insects

While individuals cannot single-handedly reverse climate change, there are practical steps everyone can take to support insect populations:

1. Reduce Light Pollution

Outdoor lighting disrupts fireflies’ ability to communicate using light signals and attracts insects to predators. Turning off unnecessary outdoor lights can make a significant difference.

2. Create Insect-Friendly Spaces

Transform your outdoor areas into havens for insects by planting native flowers, avoiding pesticides, and providing habitats like log piles or shallow water sources. Even small gardens can become vital refuges for struggling species.

3. Support Conservation Efforts

Donate to or volunteer with organizations dedicated to insect conservation, such as the Xerces Society. Advocating for policies that protect natural habitats and reduce pesticide use can also have a broad impact.

4. Educate and Advocate

Raise awareness about the importance of insects and the threats they face. Share information with your community, support sustainable agriculture, and encourage local leaders to prioritize biodiversity in urban planning.

By taking these steps, you can help safeguard the insects that sustain life on Earth and ensure a healthier planet for future generations.